A campus law enforcement officer lacking a medical background can be trained to determine the need for further fire/EMS evaluation from a safe distance away using this model. This over-simplified explanation is not a substitute for an accredited, scenario-based training course. It is only intended to raise awareness of the tools available to recognize an individual in need of fire/EMS evaluation, treatment and transport.
Traditional methods of de-escalation, subdual and restraint are not effective on all subjects encountered in the field. This also applies to methods of compliance and incapacitation.
Without relevant training, any attempts to manage the out of control individual presenting with bizarre and/or combative behavior will make an officer appear undisciplined and unprofessional, imposing his or her will upon another hapless victim. New tactics and techniques need to be incorporated that reflect the changing conditions faced by first responders. Also, incorporating fire/EMS into training exercises will familiarize everyone on a plan of action that is proactive rather than reactive.
View a photo gallery of medical equipment that can help to control combative subjects.
Pediatric Assessment Triangle
From a safe distance away from the subject, a campus law enforcement officer can be trained to use this model to determine if the individual needs further fire/EMS evaluation.
Appearance
How does the suspect look? Is there blood or other signs of obvious injury? Are they agitated or calm? Are their interactions with the environment appropriate?
Work of breathing
How much effort is the individual making to breathe? What is the rate of his breathing? A normal breathing pattern is 12 to 20 respirations per minute and is an effortless rhythmic rise and fall of the chest. This range covers being at rest to speaking and walking. Anything below or above this, with or without effort, is worth further evaluation by fire/EMS.
Circulation to skin
The last part of the assessment triangle is an indicator of oxygenation and/or how efficiently the heart is pumping. It is the most difficult to assess without touching the individual and is further complicated by struggle and the application of restraints. Essentially, the evaluator will have to rely on seeing mottled skin, blue lips, pale gums and mucous membranes as indicators of poor blood circulation to the skin.
Michael W. Weaver is a 15-year veteran of the Everett (Wash.) Fire
Department. He is also an author and trainer. For a more detailed review of these items and more pictures, please click here.
Related Articles:
- Possible Medical Causes of Abnormal Subject Behavior
- Appropriate Equipment Can Help
- Responding to Abusive Patient Behavior: 3 Pitfalls to Avoid When Training Staff
- Responding to Abusive Patient Behavior: 10 Ways to Diffuse Incidents
- Responding to Abusive Patient Behavior: Reducing the Risks of Restraints
